Safety responsibility is a statutory obligation of supervision units, which is crucial to the production safety of construction projects and the risk management of enterprises themselves. Addressing the long-standing controversies within the supervision industry, this paper conducts a legal analysis of the safety responsibilities of supervision units, analyzes the practical problems existing in safety supervision, and proposes strengthening measures such as improving safety supervision rules and regulations, implementing a universal responsibility system for safety supervision, enhancing safety supervision education and training, strengthening assessment and incentives for safety supervision, intensifying safety patrols and inspections at construction sites, and ensuring resource investment in safety supervision. The aim is to provide a reference for preventing safety accidents and promoting high-quality development of the industry.