The lifting operation of prefabricated components in prefabricated construction features large component size, high lifting frequency, strict precision requirements, and strong reliance on temporary supports, posing more complex and diverse safety risks compared to traditional construction. To systematically identify the key aspects of safety management for the lifting of prefabricated components in prefabricated construction, this paper preliminarily identifies relevant influencing factors through case analysis, literature review, and on-site consultation. It then applies Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to categorize and analyze the disordered factors, determine the types of risks, and provide management countermeasures and suggestions. The results show that the key points of safety management for the lifting of prefabricated components in prefabricated construction are mainly reflected in four dimensions: process management, personnel, equipment and components, and environment. Therefore, the construction of a safety management system and the implementation of risk control for the lifting of prefabricated components in prefabricated construction should focus on these four main dimensions, establishing a systematic safety management model.