This paper analyzes prevalent issues in on-site risk assessment for nuclear power engineering, including inconsistent risk priorities, rigid assessment systems, insufficient dynamic adaptability, incomplete technical means, inadequate identification of human-factor risks, and the disconnect between assessment and on-site control. These issues lead to insufficient accuracy and poor practicality of assessment results, making it difficult to meet the safety control demands of superimposed risks, diverse scenarios, and stringent requirements in nuclear power projects. By systematically analyzing various hidden dangers identified on-site, this paper dissects the existing shortcomings in safety risk assessment. Targeted optimization strategies are proposed from five dimensions: the construction of a standardized system, the application of intelligent technologies, full-lifecycle dynamic assessment, personnel behavior observation, and the improvement of closed-loop control mechanisms. These strategies aim to comprehensively enhance the scientific nature, precision, and effectiveness of on-site safety risk assessment in nuclear power engineering, providing theoretical support and practical references for on-site safety control and proactive risk prevention during construction.